Feline Stomatitis: A Comprehensive Guide to Diagnosis and Management

Understanding Stomatitis in Cats

Stomatitis, also known as feline chronic gingivostomatitis (CGS), is a severe and debilitating inflammatory condition that affects the mouth of cats. It is characterized by inflammation and pain in the gums, tongue, and other oral structures.

Causes and Risk Factors

The exact cause of stomatitis in cats is unknown, but several factors are believed to contribute, including:

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• Dental disease
• Periodontal disease
• Viral infections (e.g., feline calicivirus, feline herpesvirus)
• Immune system disorders
• Environmental stressors

Symptoms of Stomatitis

Cats with stomatitis may exhibit a range of symptoms, including:

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• Excessive drooling
• Difficulty eating or drinking
• Oral pain and discomfort
• Swollen, red, and inflamed gums
• Ulcers and lesions in the mouth
• Weight loss

Diagnosis and Treatment

Diagnosing stomatitis requires a thorough examination of the cat's mouth, dental X-rays, and possibly biopsies. Treatment options may include:

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• Dental care: Cleaning and extracting affected teeth to reduce bacterial buildup
• Anti-inflammatory medications: To reduce inflammation and pain
• Antibiotics: To treat any underlying bacterial infections
• Immunosuppressive drugs: To suppress the immune system and reduce inflammation
• Surgery: In severe cases, surgery may be necessary to remove damaged oral tissue

Long-Term Management

Managing feline stomatitis is an ongoing process that requires regular veterinary checkups and maintenance care. This may include:

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• Regular dental cleanings
• Home dental care (e.g., brushing teeth, using dental rinses)
• Monitoring for any signs of flare-ups or complications
• Providing a comfortable environment and pain medication as needed

Conclusion

Feline stomatitis is a challenging condition that requires proper diagnosis and comprehensive management. By understanding the causes, symptoms, and treatment options, cat owners can help their feline companions manage this condition and improve their overall well-being.